About requirements - PMI PBA

1. What are the two types of solution requirements
-- functional requirement
-- non functional requirement
2. What is Business requirement.
What type of requirements describe the higher level needs of the organization as a whole ?
3. What is stakeholder requirement ?
what type of requirements describe the need of stakeholder or stakeholder group.
4. What is solution requirement ?
What type of requirements describes the function, features, characteristics of product, services or result that meet the business and stakeholder requirement.
 5. What are functional requirement?
They describe the behavior of the product.
6. What are non-functional requirement?
They describe the environmental conditions qualities require for the product to be effective.
7. what is transition requirement ?
what type of requirements describe the temporary capabilities such as data conversion and training requirement needed to transition from As-is to to-be state.
8. What are project requirements?
They describe the  actions, processes or other conditions the project needs to meet.
9. what are quality requirements ?
what type of requirements capture any conditions or criteria need to validate the completion of the project deliverable, or fulfill the other project deliverable.
10. What are techniques ?
A discipline or methods for carrying out a task.
11. iterative projects are ? time boxed, multiple phases.

PMI-PBA Some General questions Need assessment and Planning, Analysis, Traceable and Monitoring and Evaluation

NEED Assessment
1.A skilled Facillitator is needed to effectively elicit requirements 
2.When facilitating rely on Agenda's and Ground rules.
3.What should be used to control scope =Traceability matrix
4.What type of skill is critical for elicitation of the requirements : Interviewing. 
5.What is the goal of the need assessment domain?
to fully articulate the purpose and goals for effective solution.
6.The activities in which domain contribute to the development of business case and subsequent charter for a project. : Need assessment.  

Planning 
1. What is the goal of planning domain ? To plan the activities to be completed and the business analysis processes that the project will utilize. 
2. Which domain includes the planning for requirement elicitation, management, approval, communication plan, and version control. (Planning)
3. A BA Plan is a typical input to what? A project plan. 
4. Planning focus on both Deliverable and activities led by the BA as well as the process that will be used by the project team to support the BA work. 

Analysis
1. What is the goal of analysis domain? To use appropriate technique to elicit and analyze process that the project will utilize.

Traceability and Monitoring
1. What is the goal of Traceability and monitoring domain ? to manage the requirement thorough the project life cycle. 
2. Task related to managing requirement and communicating requirement to stakeholder through the project called which domain , traceability and monitoring.


Evaluation 
1. What is the goal of Evaluation domain. ?
to evaluate the deliverable's and solution to ensure to meet the business need. 


1. What is Business analysis?
To set of activities performed performed to identify business needs, recommend relevant solutions and elicit, document and manage requirements.
2. Solution may result in Products, services, or end result of a project or program.
3.What solves a problem  or takes an advantage of opportunity to meet a business need ?
Solution
4.A condition or capability that is required to present in product, service or result to satisfy a contract or other formally imposed specification describes what ? requirement.
5. what are the various types of requirements ?
Business, stakeholder,  solution, transition, project and quality.

what are the major themes of the PMI-PBA?

1. Understand stakeholders
2. Be flexible and adaptable
3. Control control
4. Elicitation Keys

Kano Model, Functional decomposition, Document Analysis, Data Dictionary & Glossory

1. Kano Model

To identify the customer satisfaction based on the implementation.

2. Functional Decomposition

The purpose of decomposition is to decompose processes functional areas, or deliverable's into their self contained component parts allow each part to be analyzed independently

Larger functionality, decompose
Top level function
sub function

Decomposed to sub processes and activities, features and so forth

Decomposition will help to get the WBS

Lower leave is work package.

It creates conceptual model of the work

Dividing and subdividing larger functionality into independent sub functionalities.


3. Document Analysis
The purpose of document analysis is to elicit requirement by studying available documentation on existing and comparable solutions and identifying relevant information.

Document analysis is especially useful when SME(s) are not available or are not going to be available throughout the duration of the elicitation process.

4. Data Dictionary & Glossory

Two types
1. Primitive
2. Composite

PMI-PBA Force Field Analysis, Acceptance Criteria,Bench Marking, RCA, Interface Analysis,Lessons Learned, Pareto Chart

1.Force Field Analysis

Force field analysis will help to identify the positive and negative force against the solution.
How to make my solution win and need to find out the optimum way.

2. Acceptance Criteria/Fit Criteria/Test Completion Criteria

BA defines the acceptance criteria

3. Bench Marking

- Bench marking is a tool will analyse the strength and weakness of the company against competitor.
- Do not compare Apple with orange.
- Its time consuming and blocks innovation.

4. RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
The purpose of root cause analysis is to determine the underlying root cause of a problem.
Root cause analysis used to facilitate team members to continue pushing back to the root causes of an effect or a problem

RCA - Structured examination
1. Fish bone analysis (Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram)
2. 5 why analysis

1. Effect Identification
Effect will be presented to the team to identify the cause of the problem
2. Brain storm broader categories and sub categories
3. further sub categories identification
4. Get the Fish bone
The process will be repeated until we get the root cause of the problem, Example Fish Bone Diagram.

Interface Analysis

Why interface analysis needed ?

- To identify communication rules between two different component.

How does it help?

Anticipation in delivery date and collaboration between different applications.

Interface elements ?

interface identification preparation, conduct interface identification and define interfaces.

Lessons Learned
1. The purpose of lessons learned process is to improve the performance of future projects or project phases.

- Opportunities for improvement
- Document success
- Failures

It can be formal or informal

Format of lessons - Should be usable for key stakeholders


Pareto Chart
Pareto chart is a useful technique to understand the most effecting area of the requirement 
Using this we can identify MMF - Minimum marketable features or Threshold features.

MMF -- MOSCOW ----> Must have.
              Kano ---->Threshold.

Way to identify features which produce maximum value - vital few

PMI-PBA - Quantitative Investigation, Questionnaire/Survey, Personas, Context Diagram,Mind Map, Rich Pictures, RASCI/RACI, Decision Table

1. Quantitative Investigation

1. Questionnaire
2. Sampling
3. Special purpose record
 example : incident, defect, failures of order.
4.Document Analysis
Basically the evidences.


 2.Questionnaire
1. Title
2. Headline
3. Classification

1. Open ended question
2. Closed ended question - Yes/No
3. Limited Choice

Whenever you want reach large audience, this would help.
3. Personas

Personas is a tool to understand the user.

4.Context Diagram

Its documenting Technic

you have to show the association of the actor, its generally used after the investigation, we have the concept defined. Observation, subjective and objective analysis.

5. Mind Map
Visual way of documenting ideas
There is no defined rule

6. Rich Pictures
it helps to share the ideas to broader audience

7. RASCI/RACI

R-Responsible
A-Accountable
S-Support/Supportive
C-Consult
I-Inform

Its used for stakeholder, communication management, also for top level scheduling.
also decision making.

8. Decision Table.

What are the business rules. You need to act in particular way.
It will document conditions and actions.

Observation - PMI PBA

Protocol analysis - whatever they do talk
Shadowing - train me waiting goods, Fellow person
Ethnographic analysis
Structure approach.

Heisen BEG ---- he may not take personal call. 

Brainstorming & Focus Group

-- Collect ideas from different stakeholder for the problem
---Evaluation criteria
-- Session
---- Encourage criticism

1.Combine
2.Eliminate
3.Evaluate


Focus Group
To improve existing ideas, during development of product or services.
- 6 to 12

less than 6 -- more of interview.
Recording is needed.
Scribe is needed


3 stages
1. Planning
2. Run focus group as a facilitator .

facilitator, Start with question

3.Wrap Up

Summary the discussion. 

PMI-PBA: Work Shop

1.Qualitative tool
2. When to use
Consensus base - Cross functional team to connect close some of the requirement.

Roles
-Facilator
-Participants
-Scribe

Problems
- People will debate.

Workshop divided in 3 stages.
1.planning
2. Conduct discuss
 -- Facilitator
      - goal is on track, reiterate objective. ensure no domination irrespective any higher
---Scribe.
  - expected to make note area of agreement
  - Deputy facilitator
Participant, go with agenda, generally provided the analysis.
3. Follow up

PMI-PBA Interview Question Types

1. Open Question
2. Close question (not recommended generally, because it closes the conversation)
3. Limited Choice.
4. Leading - do you agree with your approach big difference with invoice with requested, provoke reaction.
5. Probing - follow up question with follow up question..
6. Link - most difficult to use... different part of interview.

1000 item, i think 700 

PMI PBA - Interview

1. Face to Face discussion.
2. Elicit information on the requirement with stakeholders directly.
3. Interview can happen through phone, video calls, face to face.
4.Interview will be used for
=>Identify stakeholders
=>collect requirement and investigate situation
=>identify Risk
5. Its qualitative tools.

Two types.
1. Structured - Pre defined
2. Unstructured - Open ended way questions.

Successful interview has three stages.
Recording must be done
1. Planning
2. Conduct Interview, Thank the interview to participate. Build relationship.
-Focus over the goal.
-Concerns will be documented or closed in the same interview.
-Area to overlooked.
3.Follow up.

BCG Matrix

BCG Matrix
- To decide the portfolio
- To dimension
- Market share
              - Market growth
BCG creates 4 category
Category 1 : Star, Both is up.
Category 2: Cash cow, regular amount of money .. Market Growth is low, Market share is high..
Category 3: Dog - Remove or set of action to improve the situation.
New marketing approach
unattractive growth
Both is low
Category 4: Wild Cat
Or problem Child.
Market growth is high, market share is low.

External Factor Analysis Using PESTLE

PESTLE
External factor analysis have to use these Technic.

Political  - Govt Changes, Fiscal Policies, Changes regulation, Govt influences
Economical - Inflation Rate, Foreign direct invetment, x
Social -
Technological - Upgrading latest technologies. Technological trend understand the customer reaction on the technology.
Legal - Food and safety law, Labor Law.
Environmental - Studies, require training. 

PMI-PBA: Role of BA in Need Assessment

1. Role of BA in Need Assessment
-- Assessment will do in Internal and external.
-- Assessment gap analysis - current state and future state.
-- Gap - Current Business process - target Business process.
   --- Helping the stakeholder.
-- Problem and opportunity
     -Right problem
-- Develop options.
-- Shortlisting the options - Helps stakeholder weightage, Desision tree..
--Develpment of Business Case. - BA involve more. (expected investment and savings)
-- BA, Analysis - Summary format.
-- Stakeholder will decide quickly based on summary

Stakeholder engagement
- Identifying the stakeholders
- Assessment of stakeholders
- Engage stakeholders.

-- BA no decision authority, he supports back end to select the right opportutnity or problem.

PMI-PBA Exam Preparation - Need Assessment

What is Need Assessment.?
The tasks that need to identify the problem or opportunity, as well as to identify input needed to evaluate the effective solution.

What are the themes of Need Assessment?

• Identification of Stakeholders.
• Value proposition.
• Goals and Objectives. 

What are the tasks of Need Assessment?

1. Define Business need.
2. Determine Value proposition. 
3. Define Project Goals.
4. Define stakeholders.
5. Determine stakeholder values. 

1. What is the purpose of the task to define business need ?

To define or review a business problem or opportunity in order to develop solution scope statement and provide input to create a business case. 

2.What is Business case used for ?

To request funds to invest in the recommended solution.

The BA should push to ensure the business problem or opportunity is clearly articulated,along with the solution scope statement.

Business case is to identify the worth of the investment. Its living document will be referred throughout the project.

Determine value proposition. 

Stakeholder identification is critical to do during need assessment to understand which stakeholder will be impacted by the area undergoing analysis.

What is business problem ?

Describe a situation for hindering the business from achieving the maximum business value. 

What must happen before moving forward project.?

Stakeholder approval of the business problem or Opportunity statement.